Courses

LS 7A – Cell and Molecular Biology (5 Units)

Course Description

Lecture, three hours; discussion 75 minutes. Enforced requisite: none. Introduction to basic principles of cell structure and cell biology, basic principles of biochemistry and molecular biology. P/NP or letter grading.

List of Topics

Week 1-Chemistry

    • Chemistry of Life

Week 2- Cell Organization

    • Cell Organization
    • Membranes

Week 3-Energy and Enzymes and Cell Respiration

    • Energy
    • Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways
    • Cellular Respiration

Week 4-Energy Conversion Pathways

    • Cellular Respiration
    • Photosynthesis

Week 5-Nucleic Acids and Transcription

    • Nucleic Acids
    • Transcription

Week 6-Proteins and Translation

    • Proteins and Translation
    • Protein Sorting and Trafficking

Week 7-Control of Gene Expression

    • Prokaryotic Gene Expression
    • Eukaryotic Gene Expression

Week 8-Recombinant DNA and DNA Replication and The Cell Cycle

    • Recombinant DNA
    • Cell Cycle
    • DNA Replication

Week 9-PCR,VNTR, and Genome Variation

    • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
    • Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR)
    • Genome Variation

Week 10-DNA Mutation and Repair

    • DNA Mutation and Repair
    • Cell Cycle
    • Cell Division

LS 7B – Genetics, Evolution and Ecology (5 Units)

Course Description

Lecture, three hours; discussion 80 minutes. Enforced requisite: LS 7A. Principles of Mendelian inheritance and population genetics; Introduction to principles and mechanisms of evolution by natural selection; population, behavioral, and community ecology; and biodiversity, including major taxa and their evolutionary, ecological and physiological relationships. Letter grading.

Week 1 Meiosis and Mendelian Genetics

    • Meiosis
    • Mendel’s Laws

Week 2 Pedigrees and Genetic Linkage

    • Patterns of Inheritance

Week 3 Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

    • Linkage and Non-disjunction
    • Gene Mapping
    • Genetic Variation

Week 4 Evolution

    • Modes of Selection
    • Hardy-Weinberg
    • Mechanisms of Evolution

Week 5 Evolution, fitness curves and landscapes, and species concepts

    • Applications of Hardy-Weinberg
    • Speciation

Week 6 Phylogenies

    • Phylogenetic Trees
    • Biodiversity through Time

Week 7 Diversification Processes

    • Adaptive Radiations and Extinctions
    • Applications of Ecology

Week 8 General Ecology

    • Demography
    • Population Ecology

Week 9 Species Interaction and Community Structure

    • Species Interactions
    • Community Ecology

Week 10 Global Ecology and Conservation

    • Global Ecology
    • Special Topics

Syllabus – LS 7B General Syllabus

LS 7C – Physiology and Human Biology (5 Units)

Course Description

Lecture, three hours; discussion 75 minutes. Enforced requisite: LS 7B. Organization of cells into tissues and organs, and principles of physiology of organ systems. Introduction to human genetics and genomics. Letter grading.

Week 1 Multicellularity and Cell Communication

  • Cell Communication & Development
  • Cell Form & Function (Diversity, Multicellular Tissues)

Week 2 Neurons and Nervous System

  • Neuron Structure & Function
  • The Nervous System

Week 3 Homeostasis,Nervous System, and Reproductive Cycles

  • Intro to Homeostasis
  • Endocrine System
  • Human Reproductive Cycles

Week 4 Muscles and Sensory Systems

  • Sensory Systems
  • Muscles & Skeletal Systems

Week 5 Gas Exchange and Cardiovascular System

  • Respiratory System & Gas Exchange
  • Cardiovascular System

Week 6 Osmoregulation and Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

  • Water and Ion Balance
  • Renal System
  • Digestion

Week 7 The Human Microbe and Immune System

  • Gut Microbiome
  • Immune System

Week 8 Sequencing Genomes

  • Human Genetics/Biology: Sequencing Genomes

Week 9 Analyzing Genomes

  • Human Genetics/Biology: Analyzing Genomes

Week 10 Editing Genomes

  • Human Genetics/Biology: Editing Genomes

*Although courses are listed in this order they may move around in lecture

LS 15: Life: Concepts and Issues (5 Units)

Course Description

Science touches our lives every day. Its increasing relevance is clear in a multitude of areas,
including modern genetics & biotechnology, nutrition & health, and brain functioning &
behavior. Consider questions such as these:

    • Is eyewitness testimony in courts always accurate?
    • Why are humans among the only species to have friendships?
    • Does sunscreen use reduce skin cancer risk? How do we know that’s true?
    • Do vitamin supplements reduce the likelihood of getting sick?
    • What are taste preferences? Why do they exist?
    • What is “blood doping?” How does it improve athletic performance?
    • How does caffeine (and other drugs) work?
    • Why doesn’t evolution lead to the production of perfect organisms?
    • What are emotions? Why are they less permanent than they feel?

In Life Science 15, we explore these topics and many others. We’ll go beyond the facts as we
dissect the process of scientific thinking. We will see that it is an intellectual activity,
encompassing observation, experimentation, and explanations of natural phenomena. And,
more importantly, it is a practical pathway to discover and better understand our world.

Our hope is that you will find answers to questions you’re curious about and will be spurred
to ask many more. Above all, as we investigate how we can best use evidence to guide
decision-making in our own lives, we hope you’ll learn that biology is about you and touches
every aspect of your life. It’s creative and it’s fun.

LS 7L : Introduction to Laboratory & Scientific Methodology (3 units)

Course Description


(Formerly numbered 23L.) Lecture, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Requisite: course 7B. Recommended to be taken concurrently with course 7C. Introductory Life Sciences laboratory designed for undergraduate students. Opportunity to conduct wet-laboratory and cutting-edge bioinformatics laboratory experiments. Students work in groups of three conducting experiments in areas of physiology, metabolism, cell biology, molecular biology, genotyping, and bioinformatics. Letter grading.

LS 7L TIME COMMITMENT

LS 7L is a three-unit course and you are expected to spend approximately 9 hours per week on the coursework.

3 hours per week attending your enrolled lab section (on Zoom in week 1 and in person the rest of the quarter)

~3 hours per week participating in lectures, doing your pre-lab reading, taking online quizzes, and doing group work.

~3 hours per week working on your scientific writing/peer review assignments.

WHO SHOULD TAKE THIS COURSE?

You should take this course if you have already taken LS 7B. We recommend that you take LS 7L concurrently with LS 7C. If you are not concurrently enrolled in LS 7C and haven’t taken it in the past, you can still take LS 7L. However, you should be aware that LS 7L contains physiology labs and there will be some physiology content on the final. If you haven’t taken LS 7C you could be at a disadvantage and will have to spend more time learning the background concepts.

Course Goals and Student Learning Outcomes

List of Topics

Lab A – Introduction to Scientific Methodology

Lab B – Epidemiology and Laboratory Techniques

Lab C – Biochemical Assay of b-Galactosidase Activity

Lab D – Human Physiology

Lab E – DNA Isolation and Amplification

Lab F – Polyacrylamide and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Lab G – Metabolic Pathways of Algae

Lab H – Microscopy and Histology

Lab I – Sequence Analysis and Maternal Lineages

Lab J – Lab Skills Review

Links

LS 30A: Mathematics for Life Scientists (5 Units)

Course Description

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. Preparation: three years of high school mathematics (to algebra II), some basic familiarity with computers. Mathematical modeling as tool for understanding dynamics of biological systems. Fundamental concepts of single-variable calculus and development of single- and multi-variable differential equation models of dynamical processes in ecology, physiology, and other subjects in which quantities change with time. Use of free computer program Sage for problem solving, plotting, and dynamical simulation in laboratory. Letter grading.

This course teaches mathematical modeling as a tool for understanding the dynamics of biological systems. We will begin with the fundamental concepts of single-variable calculus, and then
develop single- and multi-variable differential equation models of dynamical processes in ecology, physiology and other subjects in which quantities change with time. The laboratory will use the free
computer program Sage for problem-solving, plotting and dynamical simulation. The necessary basic programming concepts and skills, such as program flow control and data structures, will be
introduced. (No prior programming experience is assumed.)

Lecture, 3 hours.
Computational laboratory, 1 hour and 50 minutes
Preparation : three years of high school mathematics (up to Algebra II), some basic
familiarity with computers.

Textbook

Garfinkel, Alan, Jane Shevtsov, and Yina Guo. Modeling life: the mathematics of biological systems. Springer, 2017.

Major topics, by Week

Week 1

  • Introduction to modeling and differential equations
  • The importance of dynamics in biology.

Week 2

  • State spaces, vector fields and trajectories
  • Differential equations as instructions for constructing vector fields
  • Behavior as a trajectory through state space
  • Attractors and forms of behavior

Week 3-4

  • The derivative
  • Algebraic and geometric interpretations
  • Simple rules for differentiation
  • The shapes of functions
  • Maxima, minima and inflection points
  • Optimization as an application of the derivative

Week 4-5

  • Integration; linear approximation and Euler’s method
  • How trajectories arise from vector fields
  • Numerical integration
  • Recovering f from f′: integration as the area under f′
  • Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

Week 6

  • Exponential growth and decay
  • From discrete to continuous time
  • Linear differential equations

Week 7

  • Equilibrium points and graphical stability analysis
  • The concept of dynamical stability
  • Assessing the stability of equilibria in 1-D

Week 8

  • Types of equilibria in 2-D
  • Stability and instability of equilibria

Week 9

  • Bifurcations of fixed points: qualitative changes in behavior from quantitative changes in parameters
  • Simple examples of saddle-node and pitchfork bifurcations in 1- and 2-D
  • Biological examples

Week 10

  • Limit cycle attractors
  • Oscillations in biology
  • Negative feedback as a cause of oscillation
  • Introduction to Hopf Bifurcation

LS 30B: Mathematics for Life Scientists (5 Units)

Course Description

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. Enforced requisite: course 30A. Introduction to concept of matrices and linear transformations to equip students with some basic tools to understand dynamics of multivariable nonlinear systems. Examples from ecological, physiological, chemical, and other systems. Letter grading.

Textbook

Garfinkel, Alan, Jane Shevtsov, and Yina Guo. Modeling life: the mathematics of biological systems. Springer, 2017.

Major topics, by Week

Week 1

  • Delay differential equations
  • Time delays as a cause of oscillation

Week 2

  • Nonlinear difference equations and chaos
  • Discrete logistic equation
  • Introduction to properties of chaos
  • Erratic and aperiodic behavior from deterministic models

Week 3

  • Chaos in systems of differential equations
  • Examples of chaotic behavior in biology and physiology

Week 4-5

  • Concept of a linear function
  • Vectors and linear transformations of vectors
  • Matrices as representing linear transformations in N-space
  • Operations on matrices
  • Matrix multiplication representing the composition of linear functions

Week 6

  • The dynamics of matrix models
  • Iterated matrices and discrete time systems: steady states, growth and decay, oscillations

Week 7

  • Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
  • Dynamical significance of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices that represent linear ODEs

Week 8

  • The stability of equilibria in 2D and in N dimensions
  • Linearization: analytical approach to stability of nonlinear equations in one dimension

Week 9

  • Partial derivatives
  • Linear approximations to functions in higher dimensions

Week 10 T

  • The stability of equilibria in higher dimensions
  • The Jacobian matrix in stability analysis
  • Hopf bifurcation: the role of complex conjugate eigenvalues

LS 40: Statistics for Life Sciences (5 units)

Course Description

Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours. Requisite: course 30A. Designed for life sciences students. Introduction to statistics with emphasis on computer simulation of chance probabilities as replacement for traditional formula-based approach. Simulations allow for deeper understanding of statistical concepts, and are applicable to wider class of distributions and estimators. Students learn simple programming language to carry out statistical simulations, and apply them to classic problems of elementary statistics. Letter grading.

Texts

Garfinkel, Alan and Yina Guo. Understanding Data: An Experimental Approach to Statistics.

Major Topics, by Week

Week 1     

  • Crisis of irreproducible experiments and unreliable conclusions
  • Exploring, visualizing, and describing data

Week 2

  • Concept of probability and how to simulate chance events
  • The “Null Hypothesis” and the calculation of p-values

Week 3     

  • Quantifying uncertainty: confidence intervals
  • Foundations of Bootstrapping

Week 4   

  • Comparing two groups
  • Dealing with small samples and rank-based tests

Week 5     

  • Paired data.
  • Problems of multiple testing. Three or more groups: one-way ANOVA.

Week 6     

  • Correcting for multiple testing
  • Tests of proportions

Week 7      

  • Relative Risk and tests of homogeneity versus independence
  • The non-normal concept of Normality

Week 8    

  • Bivariate data: correlation
  • Ordinary least squares linear regression, practice and problems

Week 9       

  • The wider world of regression
  • Statistical power and its importance in positive and negative findings

Week 10   

  • Bayesianism and Bayesian updating
  • Applying Bayes theorem to diagnostic testing

LS 101: Understanding Scientific Literature and Context (2.0-4.0 Units Variable)

Course Description

Seminar/discussion, one to two hours. Introduction to set of skills proven to help students read and understand scientific research papers. Offers opportunity to practice those skills while interacting with scientists at UCLA. Reading and understanding scientific research papers is skill. It can develop quickly and be refined/practiced for rest of scientific journey. Uses CREATE learning framework, Consider, Read, Elucidate hypotheses, Analyze and interpret data, and Think of next Experiment. At UCLA, CREATESS! uses additional dimensions of final Synthesis and Social context. Students work within learning pod and are guided by lead instructors. P/NP or letter grading.

LS 107. Genetics (5 Units)

Course Description

Lecture, three hours; discussion, 75 minutes. Requisites: courses 7C, 23L, Chemistry 14A (or 20A), 14C (or 30A). Not open for credit to students with credit for course 4. Advanced Mendelian genetics, recombination, biochemical genetics, mutation, DNA, genetic code, gene regulation, genes in populations. Letter grading.

LS 110. Career Exploration in Life Sciences (2 Units)

Course Description

Seminar, two hours. Recommended for sophomore and incoming transfer students. Designed to help life sciences students expand awareness of their interests, needs, and skills to make deliberate career choices. Introduction to many components that go into making effective career decisions to help students explore diversity of career options for life sciences majors. P/NP grading.

LS M192A: Introduction to Collaborative Learning Theory and Practice (1 Unit)

Course Description

(Formerly numbered 192A.) (Same as Chemistry M192E, Computer Science M192A, Mathematics M192A, and Physics M192S.) Seminar, one hour. Training seminar for undergraduate students who are selected for learning assistant (LA) program. Exploration of current topics in pedagogy and education research focused on methods of learning and their practical application in small-group settings. Students practice communication skills with frequent assessment of and feedback on progress. Letter grading.

LS 192B: Methods and Application of Collaborative Learning Theory in Life Sciences (3 Units)

Course Description

Seminar, one hour; clinic, six hours. 3 units. Requisites: course 192A (may be taken concurrently) and at least one term of prior experience in same course in which collaborative learning theory is practiced and refined under supervision of instructors. With instructor guidance, students apply pedagogical principles based on current education research, assist with development of innovative instructional materials, and receive frequent feedback on their progress. May be repeated three times for credit. Combination of courses 192B, 192C, 192D, and 192E may not be taken for more than total of 4 times or 4 courses. Letter grading.

LS 192C: Methods and Application of Collaborative Learning Theory in Life Sciences (4 Units)

Course Description

Seminar, three hours; clinic, nine hours. 4units. Requisites: course 192A (may be taken concurrently) and at least one term of prior experience in same course in which collaborative learning theory is practiced and refined under supervision of instructors. With instructor guidance, students apply pedagogical principles based on current education research, assist with development of innovative instructional materials, and receive frequent feedback on their progress. May be repeated three times for credit. Combination of courses 192B, 192C, 192D, and 192E may not be taken for more than total of 4 times or 4 courses. Letter grading.

LS 192D: Methods and Application of Collaborative Learning Theory in Life Sciences (2 Units)

Course Description

Seminar, three hours; clinic, three hours. 2 units. Requisites: course 192A (may be taken concurrently) and at least one term of prior experience in same course in which collaborative learning theory is practiced and refined under supervision of instructors. With instructor guidance, students apply pedagogical principles based on current education research, assist with development of innovative instructional materials, and receive frequent feedback on their progress. May be repeated three times for credit. Combination of courses 192B, 192C, 192D, and 192E may not be taken for more than total of 4 times or 4 courses. Letter grading.

LS 192E: Methods and Application of Collaborative Learning Theory in Life Sciences (1 Unit)

Course Description

Seminar, one hour; clinic, two hours. Requisites: course 192A (may be taken concurrently) and at least one term of prior experience in same course in which collaborative learning theory is practiced and refined under supervision of instructors. With instructor guidance, students apply pedagogical principles based on current education research, assist with development of innovative instructional materials, and receive frequent feedback on their progress. May be repeated three times for credit. Combination of courses 192B, 192C, 192D, and 192E may not be taken for more than total of 4 times or 4 courses. Letter grading.

LS 192G: Collaborative Learning Theory and Practice: Anti-Racism Discourse (1 Unit)

Course Description

Seminar

LS 495: Preparation for College-Level Teaching in the Life Sciences (2 Units)

Course Description

This 495 TA training course is designed for graduate students who are teaching assistants (TAs) in the Life Sciences Core Education Department (LS Core). This course is to be taken concurrently with the term in which you are teaching for the first time in the LS Core. The pedagogical knowledge, instructional methodologies, and peer observation strategies covered in this course are suitable for teaching in large enrollment undergraduate courses with secondary sections overseen by TAs (i.e., discussion sections, laboratory sections, computational laboratory sections). With an emphasis on creating inclusive learning environments for our students, topics in this course will include active learning, peer instruction and other collaborative or group activities, reflective teaching models, assessment and course design approaches that promote transparency and equity in the classroom. This course also provides resources to support your lifelong learning and ongoing professional development as a teacher, a scientist, and a science communicator. By the end of this course, you will have observed and collected a portfolio of instructional materials and approaches to apply in your own courses now as a TA and in your future career. You should also leave with knowledge about the literature supporting the merits of student-centered teaching practices as a means to promote the academic success and persistence of all UCLA undergraduate students.

Requisites for LS 495:

Annual TA Orientation Meeting with LS Core faculty and instructors held during zero week of fall quarter.
Quarterly TA Organizational Meeting with LS Core SAOs/lab staff.

Learning Goals:

Students will acquire foundational knowledge about learning theory, course design, and evidenced-based teaching techniques in order to foster an inclusive learning environment.
Students will apply new knowledge of evidence-based teaching techniques through deliberate practice informed by multiple feedback opportunities.
Students will integrate their learning from LS 495 to improve other aspects of their graduate education and support their overall professional development as a scientist.
Students will develop new insights and awareness about their own perspectives and experiences and how these impact their interactions within the UCLA community and society.
Students will reflect on their potential to have a large positive impact on student success in their role as a Teaching Assistant at UCLA.
Students will explore and reflect on which strategies for teaching, learning, and communication are most effective for themselves and their students.